English Grammar

Chapter : 1 : Tense Introduction to Tense  'Tense' means 'time'. In grammar 'tense' refers to the time when some action is done.  'Tense' is the base of English grammar. All the other contents of English grammar are based on Tense. If Tense is learnt, other contents of grammar can be learnt very easily. So Tense is prerequisite for learning anything in English grammar.  There are mainly three types of tense:  1. Present Tense বর্তমান কাল 2. Past Tense অতীত কাল  3. Future Tense ভবিষ্যত কাল In English Grammar, each kind of tense is again divided into four parts. They are :  i. Simple Tense or Indefinite Tense ii. Continuous Tense iii. Perfect Tense iv. Perfect Continuous Tense Hence, in English grammar there are 12 tenses in total:  1. Present Indefinite Tense 2. Present Continuous Tense 3. Present Perfect Tense 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 5. Past Indefinite Tense 6. Past Continuous Tense 7. Past Perfect Tense 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 9. ...

Section 11 : Exercise on Articles and Prepositions.  Fill in the blanks with suitable articles or prepositions :  1. She looked......  me. 2. She looks ......  the child.  3. You are --- Kalidas.  4. It took me ----- hour to finish rhe work. 6. The ship is now in ---- bay of Bengal.  7. The gentleman walking ---- a stick in his hand is a very well known person here.  8. Morning walk is --- tonic for the weak. 9. An hour before that --- European came here.  13. He lost ..... umbrella in the rain.  14. The Everest is ....... highest mountain in the world.  15. ------ honest person can not do such a thing.  16. He waited at the station ------ three  hours. 17. She always prefers butter ----- ghee.  18. I made ------ STD call to Kolkata. 19. He has acquaintance ------ French.  20. We are indebted --- Netaji for our freedom.  21. The man is ---- honest man.  22. He died ---- cancer/cholera/tuberculosis/ pneu...

Section 12 : Translation (On preposition) Exercise A : Traslate into English ১। সে টেবিলের উপর বইটি রাখলো।  ২। কলমটি টেবিলে রাখ।  ৩। সে চেয়ারে বসল৷  8। সে বাজারে গেল। ৫। আমি বাজার থেকে আসছি৷  ৭। সে তখন স্কুলের দিকে য1চ্ছিল৷  ৮। আমি বাজারের দিকে যাচ্ছি।  ৯। আমি এখন পূকুরে স্লান করছি।  ১০। সে নদীতে সাঁতার দিচ্ছিল৷  ১১। সে নদী থেকে মাছ ধরছে।  ১২। ব্যঙটি কুয়োতে লাফ দিল।  ১৩। সে আমার সাথে কথা বলতে চায়।  ১8। সে আমাকে ঘৃণা করেনা।  ১৫। আমি নদীর দিকে যাচ্ছি৷  ১৬। আমার ব1দিকে কে? ১৭। আমার সামনে দাড়াও৷   ১৮। আমার পিছনে দ1ড়াও।  ১৯। তিনি আমার সামনে দাড়িয়েছেন। ২০। আমার বাবার বাড়িতে আমি যাব। ২১। আমার পিছনদিকে তাকাও।  ২২। আমাকে নিয়ে ভাববে না৷  ২৩। সে আমার দ্বারা পরাজিত হয়েছে৷  ২৪। আমি রাস্তা দিয়ে হাটছিলাম।  ২৫। তখন একটি ছেলে রাস্তার ওপর দিয়ে দৌড় দিল।  ২৬। সে গান গেয়ে পয়সা রোজগার করে৷  ২৭। মে নেচে আমাকে খুশি করল।  ২৮। সে আমার কথা শুনে না৷  ২৯। আমি তোমার কথা ভাবছিলাম। ...

Section 10 : Exercise on Preposition Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :  A/ We live ---- a village / --- Kalyanpur/ ---- Tripura/------ India / ---- a town.  B/ We will come ----- night / --- day / ---- 8 o'clock / ---- midnight / ---- dawn / ----- dusk / ----- noon / ----- the morning / ----- the evening / ----- the day / ---- the night / ---- 13 April / ---- Monday / ---- January / ----- 2015 / ----- 21 century / ---- summer / ------ winter/ ---- the week end/ ---- last week.  C/ He is now ---- breakfast / ----- his table / ----- his desk / ---- the window.  D/ 1. We live -- Kalyanpur.   2. We live -- Khowai.  3. We live -- Tripura.   4. I live --- a village.  5. Gujarat is --- the west of India.    6. Europe is --- the west of India.   7. Pakistan is --- the west of India.  8. The sky is --- our head.  9. The bird flew --- our head.   10. The pen is --- the table.   11. Th...

Section 9 : Prepositional phrase  1. By dint of -- He succeeded by dint of hard labour.  দ্বারা 2. Along with -- I will go along with my brother.   সঙ্গে 3. Because of -- He could not go to school because of illness.   কারণে  4. By virtue of --  He passed the examination by virtue of diligence.    গুনে 5. For the sake of --  Netaji sacrificed his life for the sake of motherland.    জন্য  6. In accordance with -- We shall do the work in accordance with the plan.    অনুযায়ী  7. On behalf of -- My friend spoke on behalf of me.     পক্ষে  8. In case of -- In case of his failure I shall do the work.     ক্ষেত্রে 9. In compliance with -- I did this in compliance with his request.    মেনে 10. In course of -- In course of time he will realize his mistakes.     সমযের পরিবর্তনের সঙ্গে সঙ্গে 12. Istead of --  I want a pen instead of the pencil.   পরিবর্তে...

Section 8 : Appropriate prepositions with meanings  1. Agree with someone to something (রাজি হওয়া) -- I agree with you.  I agree to your proposal.  2. Act upon (কাজ করা) - I shall act upon your advice.  3. Afraid of (ভীত) -- I am not afraid of you.  4. Fond of something (পছন্দ করে) - I am fond of tea.  5. Kind to (সদয়) - He is kind to animals.  6. Prefer (something) to (something) (পছন্দ করা) -- I prefer milk to tea. (আমি চায়ের চেয়ে দুধ বেশী পছন্দ করি) 7. Careful about (যত্নশীল, মনোযোগী) -- Be careful about your health.  8. Take care of (যত্ন নেওয়া) -- Take care of your health.  9. Angry with (someone) at (something) (রাগ হওয়া) -- I am angry with him. I am angry at his behaviour.  10. Astonished at something. (আশ্চর্য হওয়া) -- I am astonished at your behaviour.  11. Different from something (আলাদা) -- My opinion is different from yours.  12. Full of something. (পুর্ণ) -- This pond is full of fish.  13. Lean against somethi...

Section 7 : Exercise on general use of prepositions Exercise A : Fill in the blanks with suitables Prepositions :  1) He came ....  the morning.  2) He came ....  afternoon.  3) He came ....  night.  4) He came ....  the day 5) He came ....  day. 6) He came .... the evening.  7) He came ....  5 a.m. 8) He came ....  6 a.m. 9) He came ....  noon.  10) He came ....  dawn.  11) He came ....  1990 12) He came ....  February. 13) He came ....  Sunday. 14) He came ....  Monday.  15) He came ....  24 February.  16) He came ....  the last century.  17) He came ....  Tuesday.  18) He came ....  school.  19) He came ....  market.  20) He came ....  midnight.  21) The fox jumped.....  the fence.  22) Hang the picture.......  the wall.  23) A bird flew ...... my head.  24) She hit me......  the head. 26. Ke...

Section 6 : General use of prepostions Preposition of place-- in, at, on, above, over, from Mira lives in Kolkata. (for a big place like city).  I live in India. (for a big place -- country) He is in the room.(=inside the room) Their house is in Rabi Lane. (street, lane) We live in a village. (indefinite village) She lives in a town/city. (indefinite town / city) The pen is on the table. (touching the table) The fan is above my head. (not touching)  The bird flew over my head. (moving)  The object is on the table/ on the wall/ hanging from the ceiling.  I live at Durganagar. (name of a village) We live at Khowai.(name of a small town) Subir lives at 21, Nazrul Street (Address of house) Preposition of  Time -- in, at, on  at--  Raja gets up from bed at 5 a.m. /at dawn / at sunrise / at dusk. Mira sleeps at noon / at night / at midnight / at once/ At breakfast / at dinner/ at desk.  In--  He will come in a month / in a week / in a year/ in 2011...

Section 5 : Introduction to Preposition Preposition is a word that shows relation between two words or phrases.  See the sentences below : a) John is sitting on the chair. b) He is in the room.  In sentence 'a', the word 'on' shows the relation between 'John' and 'chair'. In 'b' the word 'in' shows relation between 'he' and 'room'. Thus 'on' and 'in' are prepositions. 

Section 4 : Exercise on Articles Fill in the blanks with "a", "an" or "the"  Exercise A : Fill in the blanks with suitable articles :  1.To The south of India is ........ Indian Ocean  2. I read ......... Gita  3.  I read ....... Bible  4.  I read ....... Mahabharata  5.  I read ....... Koran  6.  I read ........ Ramayana  7. Rabindranath is ....... Shakespeare of India  8. ......... Souvik has come.  9. He is ........ Kalidas.  10. ........ earth moves round ....... sun.  11. ........ earth is a happy place.  12. ........ Ganga is a holy river.  13. Everest is ......... highest peak in the world.  14. ........ Himalaya is ....... biggest mountain in the world.  15. ....... Andaman and Nicobar Islands is situated in the south of India. 16. ......... Indian Ocean is on the south of India.  17. ....... Arabian sea is on the west of India. 18. ....... Brahmaputra is a long river.  ...

 Section 3 : Rules of Definite Article -- "The" i) To refer to definite things:  Example: a) Where is the pen that I gave you? b) Please pass the salt.   ii) Before superlative degree when there is a noun immediately after the superlative degree :  Example :  a) He is the best boy in the class.  b) Where is the last person who came here?  [  But when there is no noun after the supelative degree, 'the' is no used : He is best here. ] iii) Before the things that are one and unique:  a) The sun rises in the east.  b) We live in the earth.   iv) To name a species of animals:   The tiger is the king of the forest.   v) Before the name of place when the name suggests a collection of places. a) They live in the Punjab / the USA / the USSR / the UK .  vi) Before a proper noun to compare some great person with another great person. Example: Rabindranath Tagore is the Shakespeare of India.  vii) Before ...

Section 2 :  Rules of Using Indefinite Articles 1.  'A' is used before a consonant:  Example: a dog, a cat, a pen, a table 2. 'An' is used before a vowel. Example: an animal, an orange, an article, an apple, an umbrella.  3. If the pronunciation of vowel comes before the consonant, 'An' is used. Example: An MLA / SDO / SDM / M.Sc. / hour   4. If the vowel is pronounced as 'U'(as in 'union') or 'Oa' (as in 'one') Example:  A one-rupee note / one-act play / university / union / European.  5. If the pronunciation of 'h' is silent, 'an' is used. Example: An hour / honourable man / honest man.  6. An indefinite article is used before a proper noun to refer to an indefinite person. Example: A Mr. Das has come. (=A person named Mr. Das has come)  7. An indefinite article is used before a proper noun to refer to compare a person with another great person.  Example: You are a Kalidas, I see. (= Your poetic skill is like tha...

Section 1: Introduction to Article In English Grammar, the two words 'a', 'an' and 'the' are articles.